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热轧钢管

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热轧钢管的清洗和预热
在喷(抛)射处理前,采用清洗的方法除去钢管表面的油脂和积垢,采用加热炉对管体预热至40一60℃,使钢管表面保持干燥状态.在喷(抛)射处理时,由于钢管表面不含油脂等污垢,可增强除锈的效果,干燥的钢管表面也有利于钢丸,钢砂与锈和氧化皮的分离,使除锈后的钢管表面加洁.
热轧钢管的制造
热轧钢管用连铸圆管坯板坯或初轧板坯作原料,经步进式加热炉加热,高压水除鳞后进入粗轧机,粗轧料经切头,尾,再进入精轧机,实施计算机控制轧制,终轧后即经过层流冷却和卷取机卷取,成为直发卷.直发卷的头,尾往往呈舌状及鱼尾状,厚度, 宽度精度较差,边部常存在浪形,折边,塔形等缺陷.其卷重较重,钢卷内径为760mm.(一般制管行业喜欢使用.)将直发卷经切头, 切尾,切边及多道次的矫直,平整等精整线处理后,再切板或重卷,即成为:热轧钢板,平整热轧钢卷,纵切带等产品.热轧精整卷若经酸洗去除氧化皮并涂油后即成热轧酸洗板卷.
热轧冷轧都是型钢或钢板成型的工序,它们对钢材的组织和性能有很大的影响,钢的轧制主要以热轧为主,冷轧只用于生产小号型钢和薄板.
一.热轧
优点:可以破坏钢锭的铸造组织,细化钢材的晶粒,并显微组织的缺陷,从而使钢材组织密实,力学性能.这种主要体现在沿轧制方向上,从而使钢材在程度上不再是各向同性体;浇注时形成的气泡,裂纹和疏松,也可在高温和压力作用下被焊合.
缺点:1.经过热轧之后,钢材内部的非金属夹杂物(主要是硫化物和氧化物,还有硅酸盐)被压成薄片,出现分层(夹层)现象.分层使钢材沿厚度方向受拉的性能恶化,并且有可能在焊缝收缩时出现层间撕裂.焊缝收缩诱发的局部应变时常达到屈服点应变的数倍,比荷载引起的应变大得多; 2.不均匀冷却造成的残余应力.残余应力是在没有外力作用下内部自相平衡的应力,各种截面的热轧型钢都有这类残余应力,一般型钢截面尺寸越大,残余应力也越大.残余应力虽然是自相平衡的,但对钢构件在外力作用下的性能还是有影响.如对变形,稳定性,等方面都可能产生不利的作用.
二.冷轧
是指在常温下,经过冷拉,冷弯,冷拔等冷加工把钢板或钢带加工成各种型式的钢材.
优点:成型,产量高,且不损伤涂层,可以做成多种多样的截面形式,以适应使用条件的需要;冷轧可以使钢材产生很大的塑性变形,从而提高了钢材的屈服点.
缺点: 1.虽然成型过程中没有经过热态塑性压缩,但截面内仍然存在残余应力,对钢材整体和局部屈曲的特性必然产生影响; 2.冷轧型钢样式一般为开口截面,使得截面的自由扭转刚度较低.在受弯时容易出现扭转,受压时容易出现弯扭屈曲,抗扭性能较差; 3.冷轧成型钢壁厚较小,在板件衔接的转角处又没有加厚,承受局部性的集中荷载的能力弱.
三.热轧和冷轧的主要区别是:
1, 冷轧成型钢允许截面出现局部屈曲,从而可以充分利用杆件屈曲后的承载力;而热轧型钢不允许截面发生局部屈曲.
2,热轧型钢和冷轧型钢残余应力产生的原因不同,所以截面上的分布也有很大差异.冷弯薄壁型钢截面上的残余应力分布是弯曲型的,而热扎型钢或焊接型钢截面上残余应力分布是薄膜型.
3,热轧型钢的自由扭转刚度比冷轧型钢高,所以热轧型钢的抗扭性能要优于冷轧型钢.
 

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